Paper in APA Format

A paper in APA format follows clear layout and text rules so your writing looks consistent and professional.

This summary covers the main layout and text parts of an APA-formatted paper.

Use it as a quick check before you submit.

Paper in APA Format - Quick Reference

The following list helps you find the main rules for an APA-formatted paper:

Margins in APA Format

Set 1 inch (2.54 cm) margins on all sides (top, bottom, left, right) of your paper.
Microsoft Word often uses this by default, but it’s worth checking when you start a new document.

If your paper will be printed and bound (for example, a thesis), you may need a wider inside margin—follow your instructor’s requirements.

See margins in APA format for more detailed information.

Font Type and Size

The current APA guidelines (seventh edition) allow for a range of font types and sizes.

Use the same font type and size for all text (title page, abstract, headings, body text, reference list). Exceptions are text within figures, computer code and footnotes.

See range of font types and sizes and exceptions.

Your instructor may specify a font to use because it is a school or faculty standard, or because they prefer that font.

Check the assignment guidelines.

Headers in APA Format

In APA format, the same header information appears on every page.

  • Page number: Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3 …).
  • Position: Place the page number in the Word header, right aligned (flush to the right margin).

Student paper vs professional paper

  • Student paper: The header contains the page number only.
    See page number in APA format for step-by-step Word instructions.
  • Professional paper: The header contains a running head + the page number.
    The running head is a shortened title that is left aligned, ALL CAPS, and 50 characters or fewer (including spaces).
    See running head in APA format for step-by-step Word instructions.

Your instructor or institution may vary these rules (for example, page numbers starting after the title page). Always follow their requirements.

Title Page in APA Format

On an APA-formatted title page, the required information depends on whether it’s a student paper or a professional paper.

Student Paper

Include these items (each on its own line, centred, double-spaced):

  • Paper title
    Title case, bold, centered
  • Author(s) name(s)
    Normal text (not bold, not italicized), centered
    One double blank line between title and name(s)
  • Author affiliation (e.g., department/program + institution)
    Normal text (not bold, not italicized), centered, double line spaced
  • Course number and course name
    Normal text (not bold, not italicized), centered, double line spaced
  • Instructor name
    Normal text (not bold, not italicized), centered, double line spaced
  • Due date
    Normal text (not bold, not italicized), centered, double line spaced
  • Page number in the header (top right)

Your instructor or institution may change requirements (for example, they may add an abstract, add a table of contents, or specify exactly what must appear on the title page).
Always follow the assignment instructions first.

See title page in APA format for more detailed information.

Professional Paper

Include these items (each on its own line, centred, double-spaced):

  • Paper title
  • Author name(s)
  • Author(s) affiliation(s), for example, university
  • Author note (when required)
  • Running head (short title) in the header
  • Page number in the header (top right)

Professional papers are often submitted for publication. Follow the journal, publisher, or university requirements first, even if they differ from standard APA format.

See title page in APA format for more detailed information.

Abstract in APA Format

An abstract is a short summary of your whole paper. It usually includes your purpose, method, results, and conclusion.

Student papers often do not need an abstract, unless your instructor requires it.

Professional papers usually include an abstract.

Key APA format rules

  • Place the abstract on its own page, after the title page.
  • Write the heading Abstract at the top of the page.
    Format as follows:
    • centered
    • bold
    • same font and size as the rest of your paper
  • Write the abstract text as follows:
    • left-aligned
    • double-spaced
    • no first-line indent

See abstract page in APA format for more detailed information.

Headings in APA Format

APA style uses five heading levels. You may only need two or three levels for most papers.

  • Use Title Case for headings.
  • Keep the same font type and size for all headings and the main text.
  • Do not add blank lines above or below headings.

Heading levels

  • Level 1: centered, bold, Title Case
  • Level 2: left aligned, bold, Title Case
  • Level 3: left aligned, bold italics, Title Case
  • Level 4: run-in heading (part of the paragraph), first-line indent 0.5 in (1.27 cm), bold, Title Case, ends with a period
  • Level 5: run-in heading, first-line indent 0.5 in (1.27 cm), bold italics, Title Case, ends with a period

Common mistakes

  • Using sentence case instead of Title Case
  • Mixing fonts or font sizes between headings and body text
  • Adding extra blank lines before/after headings
  • Formatting Level 4 and Level 5 as separate lines (they are run-in headings)

See headings in APA format for more detailed information.

Paragraphs in APA Format

Format a paragraph as follows:

  • Use an APA-allowed font and size, and use the same font throughout your paper.
  • Left align your text (do not justify).
  • Indent the first line by 0.5 inches (1.27 centimeters).
  • Double-space the paragraph.
  • Do not add extra spacing between paragraphs
  • Turn off automatic hyphenation in your word processor.

Common mistakes

  • Not indenting the first line, or using the wrong indent size.
  • Using spaces to indent instead of the paragraph indent setting of your word processor.
  • Justifying the text instead of left aligning it.
  • Using line spacing that is not double (or mixing spacing styles).
  • Adding extra space between paragraphs.
  • Using a different font or font size in part of the paragraph (e.g., after copying text from a different document or web page).
  • Leaving automatic hyphenation on, so words split at the end of lines.
  • Using a hanging indent (first line is left-aligned but following lines are indented) instead of a first-line indent.
    Hanging indents are used in the reference list.

See paragraphs in APA format for more detailed information.

Quotations in APA Format

Use quotations when you copy the author’s exact words.

Short quotations (under 40 words)

  • Keep the quotation inside your sentence.
  • Put the quoted words in double quotation marks.
  • Add an in-text citation (outside of the quotation marks).

Longer quotations (40 words or more)

Format a long quotation as a block:

  • Start it on a new line.
  • Indent the whole block by 0.5 in (1.27 cm) from the left margin.
  • Double-space the block.
  • Do not use quotation marks around the block.
  • Do not add extra spacing before or after the quotation. Use double spacing only.
  • Turn off automatic hyphenation (do not split words across lines).

Block quotations with two or more paragraphs:

  • Format the first paragraph like any block quotation (0.5 in left indent, double-spaced).
  • For the second and later paragraphs, also indent the first line by 0.5 in (1.27 cm).
    (So the first line starts at 1 inch / 2.54 cm from the left margin)

Common mistakes

  • Using quotation marks around a block quotation.
  • Forgetting the 0.5 in (1.27 cm) indent.
  • Adding extra spaces before or after the block.
  • Forgetting the first-line indent in the second paragraph of a multi-paragraph block quotation.

See quotations in APA format for more detailed information.

Footnotes in APA Format

Footnotes are not used for citations in APA style. Use them to add extra (nonessential) information or copyright attribution.

Basic rules

  • Use Arabic superscript numbers (1, 2, 3) in the text, starting from 1.
  • Place the number straight after the word (before the space). If there is punctuation, place it after the punctuation.
  • Footnotes can appear at the bottom of the page (most common), or on a separate page titled FOOTNOTES after the References section.
  • Your word processor will usually number footnotes automatically. Multiple references to the same footnote are possible.

Common mistakes

  • Using footnotes instead of in-text citations.
  • Putting the footnote number in the wrong place (e.g., leaving a space before it).
  • Trying to format footnotes manually instead of using the built-in footnote tool.

See footnotes in APA format for more detailed information.

Summary

A paper in APA format is built from a small set of parts that work together.

Start by checking your assignment instructions, because requirements can vary by instructor, course, or publisher.

Use this page as a quick reference, then open the linked sections when you need more detail or Microsoft Word steps.